| Event name: | US-09-011 | |
| Country: | UNITED STATES | |
|
Nature of the harmful event: |
Water Discoloration , High Phyto concentration , Seafood toxins | |
|
Event directly affected: |
Planktonic life , Natural Fish , Other Terrestrial , Shellfish | |
| Toxicity detected: | Yes (Approximate range: 43.59-294.08 micrograms STX/100 grams) | |
| Associated syndrome: | PSP | |
| Unexplained toxicity: | No | |
| Species implicated in toxin transmission (transvector): | Pyrodinium bahamense | |
| Report the outcome of a monitoring programme: | Yes (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Biotoxin Contigency Program) | |
| Event occurred before in this location: | Yes (Annually since 2002) | |
| Individuals to contact: | SCOTT, Paula | |
| Location: | Latitude: 28.803333, Longitude: | |
| General location information: |
Indian River Lagoon System, East Coast Florida HAB Area code(s): US-15 |
|
| Additional location information: | 53 miles north to south | |
| Bloom event dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | Start: 2009/06/01, End: 2009/11/23 | |
| Quarantine levels dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | First detection: 2009/06/16, End: 2009/12/08 | |
| Additional date-related information: | ||
| Causative organism known: | Yes | |
| Causative Species/Genus: |
Pyrodinium bahamense
(2,433,300 cells/L)
saxitoxin producer |
|
| Co-Ocurring Species/Genus: |
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
(4,554,600 cells/L)
Rhizosolenia setigera (1,260,000 cells/L) |
|
| Chlorophyll concentration, if known: | µg/l | |
| Additional bloom information: | ||
| Event-related bibliography: | Title:Resource guide for public health response to harmful algal blooms in Florida Authors: Abbott, G.M.; Landsberg, J.H.; Reich, A.R.; Steidinger, K.A.; Ketchen, S.; Blackmore, C. Year:2009 Source:Fish and Wildlife Research Institute Technical Report TR-14, viii + 132 p. Title: Detection methods and their limitations: PSP toxins in the southern puffer fish Sphoeroides responsible for human poisoning events in Florida in 2004 Authors: Etheridge, S.; Deeds, J; Hall, S.: White, K.; Abbott, J. Landsberg, J.; Conrad, S.; Bodager, D.; Jackow G Year:2006 Source: African Journal of Marine Science, v. 28 no.2, p. 383-387 Title:Non-traditional vectors for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Authors: Deeds, J.R.; Landsberg, J.H.; Etheridge, S.M.; Pitcher, G.C.; Longan, S.W Year:2008 Source: Marine Drugs, v.6, p.308-348 Title:Concentrations of saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin in three species of puffers from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, the location for multiple cases of saxitoxin puffer poisoning from 2002 to 2004 Authors:Deeds, J.R., White, K.D.; Etheridge, S.M.; Landsberg, J.H. Year:208 Source:Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v.137, p. 1317-1326 Title: Saxitoxin puffer fish poisoning in the United States, with the first report of Pyrodinium bahamense as the putative toxin source Authors: Landsberg, J.H.; Hall, S.; Johannessen, J.N.; White, K.D.; Conrad, S.M.; Abbott, J.P.; Flewelling, L.J.; Richardson, R.W.; Jester, E.L.E.; Etheridge, S.M.; Deeds, J.R.; Van Dolah, F.M.; Leighfield, T.A.; Zou, Y.; Beaudry, C.G.; Benner, R.A. Year:2006 Source: Environmental Health Perspectives, v.114 no.10 p.1502-1507 | |
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| Nutrient information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperature Range During Event: | Max: 34.2 °C, Min: 19.1 °C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinity Range During Event: | Max: 32, Min: 19.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bloom location in the water column: | Whole column | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth: |
In situ |
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| Growth Comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Environmental information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kit used: Yes | Type of kit used: Jellett Rapid Test for PSP | ||||||||||||||||
| Additional information: | Positive mouse bioassays. Shellfish also tested by HPLC above the regulatory limit with the highest at 246.02 micrograms STX eg./100 grams | ||||||||||||||||
| Economic losses: | Closure of 4 shellfish harvesting zones for 4 months. Economic loss of closures not calculated at this point. | ||||||||||||||||
| Management decision: | Shellfish harvesting closures when tested above the regulatory limit. Areas remain closed until two consecutive mouse bioassays, collected at least 7 days apart return with results below 80 micrograms sTX/100 grams shellfish. | ||||||||||||||||
| Additional harmful effect information: | Harvesting of pufferfish banned in this area since 2002 (Florida Department of Health) | ||||||||||||||||
