| Event name: | ZAF-94-001 | |
| Country: | SOUTH AFRICA | |
|
Nature of the harmful event: |
High Phyto concentration , Mass mortalities | |
|
Event directly affected: |
Natural Fish , Shellfish | |
| Toxicity detected: | No | |
| Associated syndrome: | OTHER | |
| Unexplained toxicity: | No | |
| Species implicated in toxin transmission (transvector): | ||
| Report the outcome of a monitoring programme: | No | |
| Event occurred before in this location: | Yes (But first recorded incidence of hydrogen sulphide poisoning causing black discolouration of the sea) | |
| Individuals to contact: | MANSFIELD, Lisa | |
| Location: | Latitude: -32.758056, Longitude: 18.066389 | |
| General location information: |
St Helena Bay to Cape Town, West Coast HAB Area code(s): ZAF-01 |
|
| Additional location information: | ||
| Bloom event dates (yyyy/mm/dd): |
Event Date:1994-03-01 Start: 1994-02-11, End: 1994-03-21 |
|
| Quarantine levels dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | First detection: 1994-03-14, End: 1994-03-21 | |
| Additional date-related information: | ||
| Causative organism known: | Yes | |
| Causative Species/Genus: |
Prorocentrum micans
(7 x 10e6 cells/L)
Ceratium furca (7 x 10e6 cells/L) |
|
| Co-Ocurring Species/Genus: |
Dinophysis acuminata
( cells/L)
lower cell concentrations Alexandrium catenella ( cells/L) lower cell concentrations |
|
| Chlorophyll concentration, if known: | µg/l | |
| Additional bloom information: | black water and hydrogen sulphide poisoning | |
| Event-related bibliography: | MATTHEWS, S.G. and G.C. PITCHER 1996 - Worst recorded marine mortality on the South African coast. In Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms. Yasumoto, T., Y. Oshima and Y. Fukuyo (Eds). Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO | |
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| Nutrient information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperature Range During Event: | Max: °C, Min: °C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinity Range During Event: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bloom location in the water column: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth: | Advected | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth Comments | The bloom was initially observed around Dwarskersbos on 11 February and Elands Bay on 16 February. By 21 March it had been transported south to Cape Town. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Environmental information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kit used: | Type of kit used: | ||||||
| Additional information: | |||||||
| Economic losses: | Approximately 60 tons of rock lobster and 1500 tons of fish (comprised mainly of the mullet, Liza richardsoni) washed ashore during this bloom. | ||||||
| Management decision: | Due to the fishing companies and canning factories temporarily laying off seasonal workers, a fund was set up to relieve their financial difficulties and rock lobster fishermen were allowed access to alternate catching areas. | ||||||
| Additional harmful effect information: | Some sharks and bottom-dwelling fish also died. Surveys of the rocky shore revealed that most mussels, limpets, sea urchins and other intertidal life had died. | ||||||
