| Event name: | NZ-93-001 | |
| Country: | NEW ZEALAND | |
|
Nature of the harmful event: |
High Phyto concentration , Seafood toxins | |
|
Event directly affected: |
Humans | |
| Toxicity detected: | Yes | |
| Associated syndrome: | NSP , PSP , Aerosolized toxins effects | |
| Unexplained toxicity: | ||
| Species implicated in toxin transmission (transvector): | clams, green mussels, oysters | |
| Report the outcome of a monitoring programme: | No | |
| Event occurred before in this location: | No | |
| Individuals to contact: | Hallegraeff Gustaaf , RHODES Lesley | |
| Location: | Latitude: -36.708889, Longitude: 175.987778 | |
| General location information: |
North Eastern, North Island HAB Area code(s): NZ-02 |
|
| Additional location information: | ||
| Bloom event dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | Start: 1993-01-04, | |
| Quarantine levels dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | ||
| Additional date-related information: | ||
| Causative organism known: | Yes | |
| Causative Species/Genus: |
Karenia mikimotoi (Mikaye et Kominami ex Oda) Hansen et Moestrup 2000
(180 000 cells/L)
Alexandrium minutum Halim 1960 (117 000 cells/L) |
|
| Co-Ocurring Species/Genus: |
Pseudo-nitzschia pungens
(10 000 cells/L)
|
|
| Chlorophyll concentration, if known: | µg/l | |
| Additional bloom information: | During the crisis 14 toxic/potentially harmful phytoplankton species were identified | |
| Event-related bibliography: | Chang, F.H., MacKenzie, A.L., Till, D., Hannah, D. and Rhodes, L.L. (1995) The first toxic shellfish outbreaks and the associated phytoplankton blooms in early 1993 in New Zealand. In: Harmful marine algal toxins. (Lassus et al. eds. Lavoisier, Intercept Ltd.) | |
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| Nutrient information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperature Range During Event: | Max: °C, Min: °C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Salinity Range During Event: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bloom location in the water column: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Growth Comments | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Environmental information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Kit used: No | Type of kit used: | ||||||||||||||||
| Additional information: | |||||||||||||||||
| Economic losses: | Loss in export sales was estimated to be NZ $2 million per week. | ||||||||||||||||
| Management decision: | Long term closure of entire New Zealand coastline. Implementation of a monitoring of harmful microalgae in New-Zealand in June 1993. | ||||||||||||||||
| Additional harmful effect information: | 180 people hospitalized | ||||||||||||||||
