Event name: | US-91-007 | |
Country: | UNITED STATES | |
Nature of the harmful event: |
Mass mortalities | |
Event directly affected: |
Shellfish | |
Toxicity detected: | No | |
Associated syndrome: | OTHER | |
Unexplained toxicity: | No | |
Species implicated in toxin transmission (transvector): | ||
Report the outcome of a monitoring programme: | Yes | |
Event occurred before in this location: | Yes (Suspected but not documented.) | |
Individuals to contact: | BURKHOLDER, Joann , NOGA, E. |
Location: | Latitude: , Longitude: | |
General location information: |
Pamlico River, Taylor Creek, etc ..., North Carolina. HAB Area code(s): US-11 |
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Additional location information: | Pamlico River (6 stations), Taylor Creek, Lee Brothers Aquaculture Aurora Facility, Nense River (2 stations). Also: NC Maritime Museum (all fish species in holding tank), Jan. 1992, and National Marine Fisheries Service, Beaufort (Menhaden tank), Feb. 1992. | |
Bloom event dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | ||
Quarantine levels dates (yyyy/mm/dd): | ||
Additional date-related information: | 15 May, 4 Aug, 10 (?) Sep, 7-20 Oct, 15 Dec, 1991. |
Causative organism known: | Yes | |
Causative Species/Genus: |
Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger et Burkholder 1996
( cells/L)
Previously reported as Pfiesteria, however, Karlodinium is now believed to be the causative species |
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Co-Ocurring Species/Genus: | ||
Chlorophyll concentration, if known: | µg/l | |
Additional bloom information: | Alga may be a new species within genus Alexandrium (K. Steidinger is helping to get the plate formula for formal speciation). Note-subsequently identified as Pfiesteria piscicida Quickly encysts and settles out once fish are dead. Cysts characteristics | |
Event-related bibliography: |
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Nutrient information: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Temperature Range During Event: | Max: 28 °C, Min: 12 °C | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Salinity Range During Event: | Max: 35, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bloom location in the water column: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Growth: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Growth Comments | Describe physical location: Various tributaries and acquaculture facilities as described previously. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Additional Environmental information: | Salinity range: 0/ppt (with water or high in Ca++) 35 ppt = kills as documented by Burkholder. Oxygen concentration: from low (approx 2 ppm) to approx 10 ppm. Water Column Stability: Unmixed, in shallow, turbid conditions. |
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Kit used: | Type of kit used: | ||||||
Additional information: | Underway with guidance/assistance from D. Baden, S. Hall. Fish kills confirmed with lab bioassays, (Burkholden) SEM. | ||||||
Economic losses: | |||||||
Management decision: | Sampling protocol to detect and verify presence of the toxic dinoflagellate, directed by J. Burkholder and E. Noga (NCSU). | ||||||
Additional harmful effect information: | Water coloration: usually no change but on 2 occasions milky/pale tan. |